PAG-II Plant Genome II Conference

Town & Country Conference Center, San Diego, CA, January, 1994.


PG-II: RICE TRANSFORMATION: TOOLS FOR STUDIES IN GENE REGULATION AND CROP IMPROVEMENT

RICE TRANSFORMATION: TOOLS FOR STUDIES IN GENE REGULATION AND CROP IMPROVEMENT.

Ko Shimamoto. Plantech Research Institute, 1000 Kamoshida, Midori-ku, Yokohama 227 Japan


Rice is the first cereal in which routine transformation was developed and two methods, protoplast transformation and particle bombardment, are routinely used for transformation at present. Activities of a number of cereal promoters which are tissue specific and inducible have been analyzed in transgenic rice using promoter-gusA fusion genes. The results indicate that promoters derived from not only rice but also from maize, wheat and barley confer highly regulated expression of the reporter gene in rice. Furthermore, functional cis-elements present in promoter regions of maize Adh1 and wheat histone H3 gene have been identified by using transgenic rice.

Economically important genes have been also introduced into rice. The first example is the coat protein gene of rice stripe virus. Transgenic rice expressing the coat protein exhibited resistance to the virus, suggesting that the coat protein mediated resistance to viruses can be applied with cereals. More recently rice plants resistant to lepidopteran pests were produced by introduction of a modified endotoxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis. Antisense inhibition of waxy gene expression was also demonstrated in rice indicating the possibility of manipulating starch quality of rice grains. These studies indicate that transgenic rice is a useful model for studies in monocot gene regulation and application of molecular biology for cereal improvement.


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